Lithium ion batteries (LIB) continue to gain market share in response to the increasing demand for electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and energy storage.

High amounts of macro and microplastic have been reported in rivers, lakes and seas. However, links between the observed pollution and their sources remain unclear.

Microplastics (MP) provide a unique and extensive surface for microbial colonization in aquatic ecosystems.

Plastics are an integral but largely inconspicuous part of human daily routines.

Plastics are a frequently observed component of marine debris and there is growing concern about microplastic (MP) ecotoxicity, and the impacts of additives, sorbed hazardous organic contaminants,

The built environment is responsible for large negative ecological impacts due in part to the vast amount of materials used in construction.

Following a decade of research on the environmental impacts of microplastics, a knowledge gap remains on the processes by which micro and nanoplastics pass across biological barriers, enter cells a

The presence of plastic debris in the ocean is increasing and several effects in the marine environment have been reported.

Characterising microplastics based on spectroscopic measurements is one key step of many studies that analyse the fate of microplastics in the environment.

Microplastics (MP) (5 mm) are crucial pollution which are widely distributes in the environment.