Crowdfunding has emerged as a viable tool in the alternative finance industry to complement financing for projects where government and bank investments have been unable to cover including in renewable energy.

This chapter ties into Sustainable Development Goal 7, Sustainable Development Goal 12, and Sustainable Development Goal 13 by promoting the use of waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies to convert waste into renewable and sustainable energy sources, by focusing on the circular bioeconomy and efficient waste management to ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns, and by addressing the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions through WtE technologies to combat climate change and its impacts.

No net biodiversity loss is a key goal of many green energy projects. The authors argue that indirect benefits to biodiversity should not be included in no-net-loss calculations.

With evident relevance to SDG 6, the research explores a water pollution control technology evaluation model based on the Pythagorean language neutrosophic set (PLNS) in the context of the pulp and paper industry. The authors' model aims to assist in the choice of appropriate water pollution control technology for those working within the paper industry. It is tested in an example based in China.

Synergetic management of waste activated sludge, heavy metals (HMs) and CO2 for their valorization and cyclic utilization is rarely reported.