This study aimed to to examine the associations between dietary nutrient density and climate impact and MI and stroke HRs, thereby investigating the co-benefits and trade-offs between nutrition, dietary climate impact, and cardiovascular health, within a population-based prospective cohort in northern Sweden. Importantly, the results indicate an association between lower dietary climate impact and higher MI HRs for men, both when nutrient density was below median values and when nutrient density was not considered. For women, there was no significant association between dietary climate impact and MI HR, although a trend similar to that for men was noted when nutrient density was below median values. Furthermore, no association between nutrient density and MI or stroke HRs was observed, except for a protective effect against stroke among women with higher nutrient density when nutrient density was analyzed without considering climate impact.