Provides some details about the hydrologic cycle and then discusses the physical geology of groundwaters.

This book chapter advances SDG 14 by discussing measures of freshwater species diversity and how and why diversity varies among and within habitats. Also discussed are extinctions caused by humans and some of the associated consequences, as well as consequences of invasive species.

High amounts of macro and microplastic have been reported in rivers, lakes and seas. However, links between the observed pollution and their sources remain unclear.

Microplastics (MP) provide a unique and extensive surface for microbial colonization in aquatic ecosystems.

Nanoplastic is an emerging topic of relevance in environmental science.

Plastics are a frequently observed component of marine debris and there is growing concern about microplastic (MP) ecotoxicity, and the impacts of additives, sorbed hazardous organic contaminants,

Following a decade of research on the environmental impacts of microplastics, a knowledge gap remains on the processes by which micro and nanoplastics pass across biological barriers, enter cells a

The presence of plastic debris in the ocean is increasing and several effects in the marine environment have been reported.

Characterising microplastics based on spectroscopic measurements is one key step of many studies that analyse the fate of microplastics in the environment.

Microplastics (MP) (5 mm) are crucial pollution which are widely distributes in the environment.