This chapter advances the UN SDG goals 11 and 15 by reviewing the major impacts people have on urban biodiversity at household, neighborhood, city, and global scales.

This chapter aligns with Goals 13 and 15 by providing a reminder of the wide range of essential ecological benefits of forests and of the many products and services humans derive from forests, and then summarize three hallmarks of healthy forests across ecosystems and conclude by leveraging what we know about forests in the past to propose five key principles for future forest management.

This chapter aligns with Goals 13 and 15 by reviewing the latest literature about plant–microbe and microbe–microbe interactions in coordinating the interlinked carbon, nutrient, and water cycles, and we estimate how these may respond to the key global change factors of CO2, temperature, and precipitation.

This chapter advances the UN SDG goals 9 and 15 by reviewing how industry and infrastructure development can infringe on snow leopard habitat and how sustainable business drivers can encourage companies to engage in biodiversity conservation efforts.

This chapter advances the UN SDG goals 13, 14, and 15 by reviewing the role of biodiversity in sustainable development and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

This chapter advances the UN SDG goals 11 and 15 by reviewing how intentional and sustainable urban design can promote urban diversity and preserve regional biodiversity in the face of increasing urbanization and industrial development.

This chapter advances the UN SDG goals 15, 11, and 17 by reviewing ways for community members to take part in insect conservation. Particularly with the rise of social media and the popularity of new reporting apps, citizen science is an often overlooked, yet effective tool in monitoring insect biodiversity and invasive species.

This chapter aligns with Goal 3: Good Health and Wellbeing and Goal 15: Life on Land by discussing the ethical considerations of caring for non-human primates as laboratory subjects.

This chapter aligns with Goal 3: Good Health and Wellbeing and Goal 15: Life on Land by describing the needs of cats in order to promote companion animal welfare.

This chapter aligns with Goal 3: Good Health and Wellbeing, Goal 12: Responsible Consumption, and Goal 15: Life on Land by acknowledging how the conservation of water resources is imperative to the continued sustainability of life, particularly in arid regions. By utilizing resources in a highly managed, efficient and targeted way for agricultural purposes there is less lost to waste.