This manuscript provides an overview of studies exploring cognitive dysfunction related to DNA damage due to biological ageing process, cancer treatment, adverse environmental or occupational exposures, and prenatal genotoxic exposure.

Based on current studies, the incidence of Ewing sarcoma (ES) varies significantly by race and ethnicity, with the disease being most common in patients of European ancestry. However, race/ethnicity has generally been self-reported rather than formally evaluated at a population level using DNA evidence. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of ES, yet there have been no reported studies of mitochondrial genetics in ES. Thus, we evaluated both the mitochondrial and nuclear ancestries of 420 pediatric ES patients in the United States using whole-genome sequencing.

This Article supports SDG 3 and 5 by demonstrating the need to better understand the roles that male partners play in encouraging or discouraging care-seeking behaviours during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

This Study supports SDGs 3, 5 and 10, investigating the impact of chemotherapy on the immune system of older women with breast cancer.

DNA glycosylase Neil3 leads to sex-specific differences in AD. Neil3 increases plaque deposition in female APP/PS1 mice. Neil3 promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and working memory in male APP/PS1 mice. Neil3-dependent DNA damage accumulation does not correlate with AD pathogenesis.

An Article in support of SDGs 3, 5, and 10, showing that effective cataract surgical coverage varies widely between countries, increases with greater income level, and is higher in men.

Batten Disease is a rare disease. This reviews highlights the existing sex bias and omissions in Batten Disease research.

This Personal View supports SDGs 3 and 13 by reviewing the ways that climate risks affect all aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including transmission, perception, and response. The authors highlight the importance of considering climate risks in relation to COVID-19 response measures.

Negative attitudes toward mental illness and treatment are attributed to a lack of or inaccurate mental health knowledge.

Background: There is an urgent need to reduce the burden of depression among older adults in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).