This paper concludes that findings suggest that 1) long-term omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may reduce risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); 2) dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake, especially DHA, may lower risk of dementia or cognitive decline; and 3) peripheral biomarkers of omega-3 fatty acids may serve as predictors of cognitive decline. However, further investigation is needed to understand the gene–environment interactions involved in the intake of omega-3 fatty acids.