This short review summarizes our understanding and perspectives on FO and PRO processes and meaningful R&D in order to develop effective and sustainable FO and PRO technologies for water reuse

Provision of clean water is one of the most important issues worldwide because of continuing economic development and the steady increase in the global population.

Globally, an estimated 748million people remain without access to improved sources of drinking water and close to 1 billion people practice open defecation (WHO/UNICEF, 2014).

This book chapter advances SDG 6 by explaining regulatory standards for drinking water.

This chapter advances SDG 6 by explaining proactive management of drinking-water safety and quality.

This chapter advances SDG 6 by explaining water pollution from an environmental, health and ecosystem perspective.

This chapter advances SDG 6 by reviewing the evidence on health and nonhealth benefits of water and sanitation investments that are common in developing countries. It further explores evidence on valuation for these interventions and discusses the implications of the evidence on valuation for government policy to support improvements in this sector.

Building toilets and getting people to use them is critical for public health.

Background: A third of the 2·5 billion people worldwide without access to improved sanitation live in India, as do two-thirds of the 1·1 billion practising open defecation and a quarter of the 1·5