This chapter supports UN SDGs 7, 11, and 12 by highlighting the integration of renewable energy sources, smart grids, and energy-efficient technologies in smart cities to promote sustainability and reduce environmental impact; addressing challenges of urbanization and promoting inclusive, resilient, and adaptive urban development; and discussing waste management practices, such as recycling and waste-to-energy initiatives, that contribute to a more circular economy and sustainable resource management in cities.

This study finds that optimal placement of long-duration energy storage in renewable-heavy power systems depends on multiple interacting factors—such as generation, demand, storage, and transmission—and cannot be determined by any single metric, with siting decisions having system-wide effects.

This study shows that the growth of fossil-fuel-powered vehicles significantly contributes to rising carbon dioxide levels and global warming, and suggests that investing in clean energy vehicles and implementing effective policies are crucial to reducing climate change and promoting sustainable development. As part of the research, the authors develop a new mathematical model to analyze the impact of fossil fuel vehicle emissions on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and global warming.

This chapter supports SDG 9, 11, and 7 by discussing the integration of digital twins to enable urban stakeholders to make informed decisions, ensuring that buildings are optimized for both energy efficiency and occupant well-being, thus advancing the goals of sustainable urban development.

This article examines 42,291 renewable energy investment deals across OECD countries from 2004 to 2022, revealing highly international capital flows. Results show that $US 45.4B annually (45%) is invested across borders, with varying degrees between countries. Further, renewable energy investments increasingly mirror general foreign direct investment (89% correlation), indicating financial mainstreaming, which can contribute to rapid deployment.

 This paper evaluates the readiness of 197 countries in translating carbon-neutrality targets into concrete policies and actions, identifying critical implementation gaps and pathways forward—directly supporting urgent global climate action under SDG 13.