With a pressing climate emergency and increasing interconnectedness, the need for action on health at a global level is greater than ever. Achieving Universal Health Coverage with a strong base in primary healthcare is essential. This must be accompanied by policies to address the socioeconomic and environmental determinants of ill health, supporting SDG3.

For anybody interested in the relevance of global health governance to tropical diseases, whether they work in vaccine development or emergency outbreak response, it is essential to remember that these debates are indeed ongoing, and that global health interventions and outcomes remain beset with inequalities. The campaign against tropical disease is not just an aetiological one, but also very much a governance and policy challenge supporting SDG 3.

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) is an international standards development organization (SDO) focused on advancing human health and medicine through genomic data sharing and interoperability. Founded in 2013, the organization has evolved over time and has adapted to unexpected challenges in ways that we believe would be of interest to the broad biomedical community. In this chapter, we present our experiences to support others wishing to share data through global, community-driven standards supporting SDG3.

Racial and ethnic disparities among clinical trial participants is a long-standing issue demanding attention in the research community as advances in precision medicine increase. This exclusion from clinical trial enrollment has tangible consequences, preventing traditionally underserved populations from benefitting from health innovation and cutting-edge technologies. Aggregation of populations into a generalized treatment population lends to the evident healthcare inequities we see today and support SDG3

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) is an international standards development organization focused on advancing human health and medicine through genomic data sharing and interoperability. Founded in 2013, the organization has evolved over time and has adapted to unexpected challenges. Three themes have emerged as critical to the organization's success: (1) community needs must drive development; (2) agility is necessary to create global equity and opportunity; (3) developing an idea into a widely adopted standard requires multiple levels of consensus furthering SDG3.

This chapter aligns with SDGs 3 and 6 by distinguishing hydrogeological plumes from atmospheric plumes in this chapter by referring to them as leaks, considering environmental or potential disasters from the perspective of groundwater contamination.

This chapter aligns with SDG 6 by showing applications of mapping various data sources such as rainfall, temperature, soil moisture, and vegetation cover, based on several drought indices. The utilization of these maps can aid in the identification of drought-affected regions and, subsequently, prioritize the allocation of water resources accordingly.

This chapter aligns with Goal 11 and 6 by analysing the use of wastewater for irrigation, balancing positive outcomes and trade-offs. There is a large variation between developed and developing countries as well as among countries within different economic groups regarding safe management of wastewater.

This chapter aligns with Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation by reviewing the tools available for the collection of groundwater samples, methods of on-site water-quality analysis, and the appropriate preservation and handling of samples. This work contributes to the anaylis of groundwater in efforts to monitor and improve water for populations.

This chapter aligns with SDGs 7 and 11, by describing the role and possibilities of wave energy to help support global (sustainable) energy systems.