This article focuses on numerous plot, field, and regional scale studies conducted in the Critical Zone Observatories (CZO) facilities distributed across the China Loess Plateau (CLP). The CLP CZO features the world's largest and deepest loess deposits, highly disturbed by human activities, and consists of a longitudinal series of monitoring sites.

This knowledge encompasses information about the local environment, including farming patterns, soil types, weather patterns, and other natural resources. Such indigenous agricultural practices are valuable methods, and these communities have illustrated the effectiveness, adaptability, and ways in which these adopted methods promote sustainable environmental management.

Findings relating to the level of awareness of agricultural radio programmes in the three selected states show that more farmers in Nasarawa State are aware of agricultural programmes than those from the other states.

This case study illustrates how the effects of climate change at locations remote from the city could impact resilience of urban communities in multiple ways through cascading effects through the food-water-energy nexus.

The study of the sedimentary record at the mouth of the Sabarmati River in the Gulf of Khambhat provides insights into how changes in climate, sea level, and sedimentation patterns over the Holocene period impacted the environment and ancient human settlements in the region, which is relevant for understanding climate change and its effects.

This paper addresses the underexplored environmental impacts of ICT by systematically reviewing 70 studies, identifying common assessment methods and mechanisms, and categorizing solutions into eight main classes within a comprehensive framework. It also evaluates how these solutions align with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, highlighting research gaps and policy implications to better mitigate ICT’s adverse environmental effects.