This chapter explores how rehabilitation and socially assistive robotics improve therapy for neurological conditions and older adults, addressing growing needs from aging populations and pandemic-driven isolation. By advancing innovative healthcare technologies and fostering collaboration, these solutions support SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) through better rehabilitation outcomes and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by driving technological progress in clinical care.

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), have a global prevalence and profoundly impact both motor and cognitive functions.

In this review, Hu et al. summarize fluid biomarker findings across 12 anti-amyloid-β clinical trials. The emerging biomarker data provide evidence of impact of the new therapies on the underlying pathophysiological processes of the AD, supporting the presence of a disease-modifying effect.

This study demonstrates that the Psychological Telephone Triage System (PTT) is an effective and cost-efficient method for early identification of patients with urgent cognitive impairment, particularly in the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), helping to reduce unnecessary on-site visits and healthcare burden. The findings suggest that implementing this interdisciplinary pre-screening and triage process can improve management of the rising demand for dementia assessments, especially with new therapeutic options and increasing prevalence of dementia globally.

This study shows that the Cognitive Stimulation Therapy program can significantly improve general cognition, communication, and reduce depression in people living with dementia, regardless of the underlying pathology. However, the effects vary by dementia subtype, with some gains maintained long-term in vascular dementia (VaD) but not in Alzheimer, especially regarding narrative abilities and depressive symptoms, highlighting the importance of personalized approaches.

This review investigates the connection between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's disease, focusing on common mechanisms and the potential of traditional Indian herbs to manage both conditions. It also addresses the challenges and innovative strategies in delivering herbal formulations.

This study found that female 5XFAD mice exhibit early impairments in prefrontal-dependent cognitive functions and increased activity of prefrontal PV neurons, unlike their male counterparts. These findings suggest a potential mechanism for the higher risk of Alzheimer's disease in women, highlighting sex-specific early deregulation in the prefrontal cortex.

Review on the study of active peptides in AD and PD, deals with role of inflamation, synaptic plasticity, and other learning, memory and cognitive functions related to AD