Physical, chemical weathering and volcanic eruptions release heavy metals into soils and surface waters naturally.

This chapter aligns with UN SDG Goals 6 and 12 by improving waste treatment and resource efficiency in the oil and gas sector.

This chapter aligns with UN SDG Goals 3 and 14 by addressing the impact of crude oil spills on marine ecosystems and exploring sustainable solutions for mitigating pollution.

Policymakers continue to contend with the challenge of measuring and classifying schools concerning educational resources, which makes it difficult for policy development and implementation towards efficient allocation of the scarce resources available to education managers. This study, therefore, sought to estimate the extent of educational resource deprivation among Basic Schools in Ghana and find out its effect on the delivery of quality education.

Aligns most closely with SDGs 11 and 6, looking at factors affecting water governance and supply, environmentally sustainable allocation and use of water, water markets as a tool to reallocate water in ways which promote efficiency and social equity.

This chapter addresses global water scarcity by turning wastewater into a safe and reusable water source and promotes circular water systems.

This chapter provides a strategic blueprint for managing freshwater under climate stress and population growth. It supports long-term resilience through water‑scarcity indicators and technologies.

The cascading effects of biodiversity decline on human well-being present a pressing challenge for sustainable development.

The authors evaluate shifts in water reservoirs (i.e. atmospheric versus terrestrial and underground water storage). Projections indicate water storage deficits in most Southern Hemisphere basins during the summer.

Pakistan's water resources experiencing mounting pressure. UN SDG 6 provides a roadmap for achieving sustainable water management. Long-term planning and community engagement are key to success. Policy recommendations include efficient pricing and climate change integration.