This chapter examines neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), emphasizing their early onset, complex causes, and the critical role of early diagnosis and intervention. It aligns with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by promoting timely, comprehensive care to improve health outcomes and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) by advocating equitable access to diagnostic and supportive services for affected individuals throughout their lifespan.

This chapter introduces Focused Ultrasound (FUS) as a non-invasive surgical technique using nonionizing energy for tissue ablation and neuromodulation in treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders, aligning with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by advancing safe, effective mental health interventions and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) by improving access to innovative therapies for underserved populations.

This chapter introduces autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual developmental disabilities through applied behavior analysis (ABA), aligning with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by promoting evidence-based strategies to improve health and quality of life, and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) by advocating ethical, inclusive practices that respect neurodiversity and ensure equitable support for individuals with ASD and IDD.

This chapter emphasizes the need for person-centered approaches to promote desired lifestyles for adults with severe autism and intellectual disabilities, aligning with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by supporting mental and social well-being, and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) by addressing systemic gaps in adult service delivery and advocating equitable access to individualized care.

This chapter underscores how climate change amplifies health risks and systemic barriers for children, especially those with special health care needs, aligning with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by addressing health vulnerabilities, SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) through calls for inclusive policies, and SDG 13 (Climate Action) by advocating disability-inclusive climate adaptation and resilience strategies.

This chapter highlights how climate change intensifies health challenges and resource access barriers for women with disabilities, aligning with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by emphasizing the need for inclusive decision-making to improve health outcomes and ensure equitable access to rights.

This chapter explores how rehabilitation and socially assistive robotics improve therapy for neurological conditions and older adults, addressing growing needs from aging populations and pandemic-driven isolation. By advancing innovative healthcare technologies and fostering collaboration, these solutions support SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) through better rehabilitation outcomes and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by driving technological progress in clinical care.

This chapter emphasizes the need for a systemic clinical decision model in intellectual disability services, integrating judgment standards, ethics, and social justice to improve assessment and intervention accuracy. By promoting equitable, responsive, and high-quality psychological care, these practices advance SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) through better mental health outcomes for a vulnerable population.

This chapter examines the role of the Special Olympics Movement in promoting social integration, physical rehabilitation, and quality of life for children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities and ASD. By fostering inclusive sports and health-saving programs through interdisciplinary collaboration, these initiatives advance SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by improving physical and mental health and supporting social adaptation for vulnerable populations.

This chapter explores how big data analytics and advanced methodologies like multiomics and AI are transforming brain cancer research, enabling early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and targeted prevention. By improving health outcomes through precision oncology (SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being) and addressing global disparities in cancer care via collaborative initiatives and equitable access (SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities), these data-driven approaches reshape the future of brain cancer treatment worldwide.