The article concludes that the Mediterranean diet (MD) stands out as a model for sustainable and healthy eating, offering significant benefits for both human and planetary health. While it does not outperform vegetarian or vegan diets in terms of environmental impact, its nutritional quality, cultural acceptance, and moderate environmental footprint make it a practical and valuable dietary pattern. To maximize its benefits, policy and educational efforts should promote MD adherence and integrate sustainability considerations into dietary recommendations, addressing the challenges posed by globalization and shifting food preferences. Standardizing environmental impact measurements and considering broader sustainability indicators remain important areas for future research.