In this target trial emulation study, prophylactic antibiotic use did not raise the risk of hospital admission due to antibiotic-resistant or urinary tract infections, however it did increase the risk of antibiotic resistance in uropathogens and multidrug resistance detected in urine cultures. This study offers new data on the absolute risk and number needed to harm for individual antibiotic resistance, which can inform shared decision-making discussions on preventing recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs).

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 81 included studies synthesised available data on the prevalence of postpartum haemorrhage and severe postpartum haemorrhage according to objective and subjective blood loss assessment methods and mode of birth (vaginal and caesarean). Authors report that the pooled rates of postpartum haemorrhage and severe postpartum haemorrhage were substantially higher when objective methods of blood loss assessment were used instead of subjective methods.

Probably the first study to establish reference ranges for transient elastography in the third trimester of pregnancy, demonstrating that similar cutoffs can be used to define liver steatosis in this period. By analysing more than 5000 women, we identified maternal and gestational risk factors for steatosis and increased liver stiffness in pregnancy, which include obesity, pre-gestational diabetes, and pre-eclampsia

CRADLE-5 is the first pragmatic stepped-wedge trial of a Vital Signs Alert device in a low-income country, evaluating its effectiveness and scale-up across eight districts in Sierra Leone, where maternal mortality rates remain one of the highest globally. The study involved over 93,000 deliveries, trained 2,100+ health workers, and assessed outcome variations across districts and facilities.

This study represents the first clinical trial of dichloroacetate, a non-hormonal treatment, for endometriosis-associated pain in 30 women, demonstrating that recruitment and treatment are feasible despite common but manageable side effects. The research directly relates to International Women's Day by addressing endometriosis, a chronic condition affecting an estimated 190 million women worldwide that causes debilitating pelvic pain and infertility, highlighting the urgent need for better treatment options for women's health.

This first large-scale study of the E-MOTIVE intervention in South Asia, conducted across eight Pakistani hospitals with over 14,000 women, showed significant reductions in severe postpartum hemorrhage outcomes and improved adherence to timely bundled treatment.

This is the largest cohort study to date of women with hyperemesis gravidarum, and it is the first to explore a wide array of neuropsychiatric and mental health outcomes, including psychotic disorder. Evidence study suggests that while hyperemesis gravidarum increases the risk of poor mental health compared to unaffected pregnancies, the link between its severity and psychiatric burden is complex. The lower depression risk in cases with metabolic disturbance versus mild disease may reflect varying levels of healthcare support.

Findings from this SRMA provide clinical evidence against a clinically significant increase in the risk of autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, or intellectual disability among children born to pregnant individuals who use paracetamol as directed, thereby supporting existing safety recommendations.

This study measured testosterone and pre-androgens in blood, finding changes with age but not with menopause. This indicates that menopause itself is not a reason for women to need testosterone supplementation.

This study shows that hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle are linked to measurable changes in the brain, suggesting how the menstrual cycle can influence women's emotional, cognitive and mental health.