Association between Alzheimer’s disease and metabolic syndrome: Unveiling the role of dyslipidemia mechanisms

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory problems. With a growing elderly population and limited treatment options, AD poses a significant social and economic burden. Several modifiable risk factors for AD have been identified, including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia. These factors often occur together, making it difficult to isolate their individual effects on health. As a result, they are grouped under the term metabolic syndrome (MetS). Interestingly, there appears to be a strong association between how the body processes lipids in MetS and the development of AD. This connection likely involves inflammation, oxidative stress, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, and the processing of amyloid precursor protein. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. This review aims to explore the potential role of MetS-related mechanisms, with a particular focus on how dyslipidemia contributes to AD development. Additionally, we will discuss potential therapeutic avenues targeting lipid pathways to offer future treatment options.