Geothermal Systems in the Energy Transition Era: Chapter 1 - Shifting toward clean energy technologies: importance, obstacles, and drivers

Combustion of fossil fuels is one of the main sources of emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CO, and NOx. In order to decrease the emissions of these harmful gases and alleviate their unfavorable consequences, it is crucial to shift toward clean and renewable energy technologies. Aside from the environmental importance, there are other reasons, such as fluctuations in the price of fossil fuels, restrictions in their resources, and the importance of energy diversification for shifting toward alternative and clean energy systems. In this chapter, some of the most conventional and developed renewable energy systems are introduced. Afterwards, the importance of shifting toward renewable energy sources and the development of clean energy technologies is discussed. Following that, the obstacles and challenges related to the development of renewable energy systems are provided. According to the provided data and designed plans by international organizations, it can be concluded that renewable energy systems would have a significant contribution in the future; however, there are some challenges, such as requirement for investment, lack of proper infrastructure, and absence of clear and effective policies in some countries and regions that can act as obstacles to the development of these clean systems.