Gender bias in machine translation (MT) has been studied for over a decade, a time marked by societal, linguistic, and technological shifts. With the early optimism for a quick solution in mind, we review over 100 studies on the topic and uncover a more complex reality—one that resists a simple technical fix. While we identify key trends and advancements, persistent gaps remain. We argue that there is no simple technical solution to bias.

Objective: Historically, the medical profession is a male-dominated field. Although the number of women entering surgical specialties is rising, this increase is not proportionate to the composition of medical school graduates, which are now 50% female. This study aimed to investigate the specialty and gender of practitioners performing common vascular procedures. Methods: Medical claims data was obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

Background: Earlier evidence indicated that metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) may adversely affect neonatal outcomes among patients conceiving soon after MBS, but recent studies demonstrated conflicting results, especially for new surgical techniques. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of MBS types and surgery to birth interval on maternal, birth, and nonbirth outcomes in women with severe obesity. Setting: New York State's all-payer hospital discharge database (2008-2019).

Pregnancy in women with kidney disease is high risk and associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Kidney disease in pregnancy continues to remain under-recognized and underdiagnosed, and disparities exist in access to kidney care for pregnancy patients. Health disparities with kidney disease and pregnancy are connected to differences in social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors; geographical location; and race/ethnicity. The review discusses health disparities in conditions related to kidney disease and pregnancy.

Sex refers to biological traits, while gender involves socially constructed roles and behaviors. Globally, women face disparities in access to kidney transplants, and outcomes, driven by sociocultural and systemic factors. Females have a higher prevalence of kidney disease, start dialysis at lower glomerular filtration rates, and receive lower dialysis doses than males. Fewer females are refered for kidney transplants than males, and females have lower rates of preemptive transplantation than males.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses a significant threat to the well-being of women and girls and is a highly prevalent form of gender-based violence. Evidence regarding the nutritional implications of IPV has focused primarily on intergenerational relationships with child nutrition and growth. There remains a knowledge gap regarding the association with women's own dietary intake. Objectives: We investigated relationships between past-year IPV (physical, emotional, and sexual) and women's dietary habits, using the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women tool.

Background: Since 2000, only a few countries have substantially reduced the burden of anemia among women 15–49 y of age. The Exemplars in Anemia Reduction among Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) studied the determinants of success among these countries. Objectives: To describe the methodology used to determine the factors associated with anemia reduction in high-performing countries, with the aim to guide policy and programmatic decisions in other countries with similar sociodemographic and health indices.

Background: Few countries have succeeded to decrease the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age (WRA), and where improvements have been observed, contributing factors are not well understood. Objectives: To synthesize cross-cutting findings from specific exemplar studies in Uganda, Senegal, the Philippines, and Pakistan by reviewing anemia trends, policies, and programs, comparing drivers of change, and proposing strategies to achieve further reductions in WRA anemia.

Background: Population-based penetrance studies of breast cancer gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2) pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in the Eastern Chinese population are currently lacking; thus, we aimed to investigate the penetrance of breast cancer and other malignant tumors among BRCA1/2 P/LP variant carriers using a population-based breast cancer cohort from communities in Eastern China.