Chapter 9 - Predictive coding in aging, tinnitus, MCI, and Alzheimer’s disease

Auditory aspects of age-related disorders. ERP changes in aging, tinnitus, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) with emphasis on MMN and P300. We discuss whether decreasing network connectivity in aging is independent of changes across cognitive networks or is accelerated by MCI and AD. The extended range of nonauditory cortical areas that are connected to the auditory system, even in the resting state, is relevant here. We compare age-related changes in auditory, visual, and somatosensory evoked potentials. Particular attention is given to the role of predictive coding in aging and tinnitus. The role of brain rhythms in the study of MCI and AD is illustrated. Effects of genetic risk factors in MCI and AD are discussed in relation to ERPs and MMN networks. Dynamic causal modeling showed that tau pathology was associated with increased feedforward connectivity and decreased feedback connectivity, with increased excitability of STG but not IFG.