Elsevier, Climate Change Biology, Third Edition, 2021, pp 223-238
Past analogues to future climatic and chemical conditions in the oceans offer one of our most important sources of insights into the possible biological effects of human-induced change. The vastness of the oceans, their huge contribution to primary productivity, and their critical role in the climate system make these past insights particularly valuable. Effects of sea level rise and fall, variation in reef building organisms over time, reef gaps and other important topics in marine climate change paleoecology are summarized.
