Harmful Algal Blooms: Environmental Factors and Molecular Mechanisms - Chapter 1: Harmful algal blooms and complexity of their drivers

This chapter explores the global trends in harmful algal bloom (HAB) outbreaks, the complexities of bloom drivers, and challenges involved in understanding their causes. It begins by introducing the evolving concept of HABs, the diverse lineages of causative algae, and a brief history of documented HAB events. The chapter then reviews the recorded global trends in HAB occurrences, discussing whether these trends reflect actual increases or increased monitoring and technological advancement. Finally, the chapter delves into the multifaceted nature of HAB outbreaks, analyzing the complexity of their underlying causes, concluding with a highlight of integrative and comprehensive research approaches needed to unravel the causes.