Microalgae in wastewater treatment

This chapter introduces the research status on microalgae in wastewater treatment. Using microalgae to treat wastewater is an ecologically sustainable technology, and the role currently played by microalgae in different types of wastewater treatment is introduced. The latest methods for improving the wastewater treatment efficiency by microalgae are presented. The mechanisms of wastewater purification by microalgae are reviewed, including the removal of nutrients, heavy metals, and organic matter by microalgae. In addition, the factors influencing the removal of pollutants by microalgae are also listed. Carbon sequestration and emission reduction potential of microalgae are analyzed. Furthermore, wastewater treatment using microalgae cocultured with other organisms, microalgae immobilization, and microalgae harvesting are discussed. Finally, the research and future applications of microalgae biomass and high-value products are prospected.