Microbial Consortium and Biotransformation for Pollution Decontamination - Chapter 1: Threats and consequences of untreated wastewater on freshwater environments

Majority of water contamination issues emerge from wastewater effluents. Huge quantity of wastewater is produced every day. Due to insufficient wastewater treatment facilities, wastewater is frequently released into surface water sources, causing water contamination. The negative impact of decreased dissolved oxygen and augmented demand for biological oxygen and ammonia must be taken into consideration in the chemical constituents in water bodies that receive untreated sewage. Therefore the use of SW resources, aquatic ecosystems, and unsuccessfully treated wastewater on water courses must be effectively treated to prevent hostile health risks that have long-term as well as short-term effects on human health. The rising reuse of treated effluent in the agricultural sector serves goals such as enhancing agricultural productivity, conserving scary source of water, and preserving the quality of ecosystem. In addition, wastewater irrigation will minimize purification and expense of fertilization, since soil and crops act as biofilters, whereas sewage water holds large quantities of nutrients.