Char and Carbon Materials Derived from Biomass - Chapter 12: Sustainability of chars productions and application

The performance of biomass char production and application systems depends strongly on feedstock characteristics, conversion techniques, and methods of char handling, transport, and utilization. Although several combinations of biomass resources, conversion processes, and applications have been reported in the literature, few studies are focused on their environmental and economic benefits. This chapter provides a sustainability assessment for biomass utilization in char production and utilization in various applications, including soil amendment, energy production, and the synthesis of green adsorbents, catalysis, and supercapacitors.