An Article on the vulnerability of Indigenous populations to pandemics, in the context of SDGs 3 and 10, focusing specifically on the clinical characteristics and outcomes following COVID-19 in Indigenous Brazilian individuals.

An analysis of ethnic inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health interventions in Ecuador, in the context of SDG 3 and 10, showing that Indigenous people are most likely to face difficulty accessing such services.

An Editorial on the burden of HIV on marginalised communities across the Americas, in the context of SDGs 3 and 10, focusing specifically on the need to improve access to and quality of treatment and care for these populations, which include Indigenous peoples.

A discussion of how well indigenous people should be compensated if their land needs to be developed.

Deforestation in Ituna/Itatá Indigenous Land increased 654% between 2018 and 2019. 94% of Ituna/Itatá has been claimed in the Brazilian Rural Environmental Registry. Belo Monte dam and Belo Sun mining project cause land speculation in Ituna/Itatá. Brazilian government policies threaten forest protection and indigenous peoples. Unilateral land tenure regulation would obstruct Indigenous Lands demarcation.

Background: Hepatitis C is a preventable and treatable disease that has been declared a public health problem. In 2012, the prevalence of HCV serum anti-bodies in the Mexican adult population aged 20 to 49 years was 0·30%. Methods: We randomly selected a probabilistic sub-sample of 12,389 adults (20+ years) from adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) 2018 who provided a venous blood sample. Anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA were determined for this sub-sample.

This chapters focuses on the consequences mining on river contamination in Bolivia. An unintended consequence of mining has been widespread contamination of riverine environments by toxic trace metals and metalloids. (e.g., arsenic, antimony, cadmium, mercury, lead, and zinc). The type, magnitude, and extent of contamination differ significantly between the humid to hyperhumid tropical rainforests in the north and the semiarid, heavily impacted, rivers in the south.

Background: Road-traffic injuries are a key cause of death and disability in low-income and middle-income countries, but the effect of city characteristics on road-traffic mortality is unknown in these countries. The aim of this study was to determine associations between city-level built environment factors and road-traffic mortality in large Latin American cities. Methods: We selected cities from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, and Peru; cities included in the analysis had a population of at least 100 000 people.

This book chapter advances SDGs 13, 14, and 15 by presenting a framework for prioritizing future conservation efforts. The chapter ends with a vision of Galapagos tortoise populations 200–300 years from now—as they follow a slow, steady path to full recovery.

Purpose: Although the wind, rain, and flooding of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico abated shortly after its landfall on September 20, 2017, the disruption of the electrical, communications, transportation, and medical infrastructure of the island was unprecedented in scope and caused lasting harm for many months afterward. A compilation of recommendations from radiation oncologists who were in Puerto Rico during the disaster, and from a panel of American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) cancer experts was created.