Furthering SDGs 5 and 10, this report aims to better understand the role gender plays in the global research enterprise and inspire evidence-based policy driven by powerful data. It examines research participation, career progression and perceptions across the European Union and 15 countries globally in 26 subject areas. The report concludes that while the participation of women in research is increasing overall, inequality remains across geographies and subject areas in terms of publication outputs, citations, awarded grants and collaborations.