Gender equality and women's empowerment

Gender equality and women's empowerment play a vital role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outlined by the United Nations. Acknowledging the significance of SDG 5, which explicitly targets gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls, it's worth noting that these elements are fundamentally tied to all 17 goals. Each goal, whether it pertains to poverty eradication, quality education, or climate action, is directly or indirectly affected by gender dynamics. Gender inequality inhibits economic growth (SDG 8) by depriving economies of the full potential of half its population, thereby exacerbating poverty (SDG 1) and hunger (SDG 2). Additionally, gender-based discrimination can limit access to quality education (SDG 4) and decent work (SDG 8) for women and girls, further perpetuating inequality. In health matters, gender roles and stereotypes often result in disparities in healthcare access and outcomes (SDG 3). With respect to environmental sustainability (SDGs 13, 14, and 15), women, particularly those in rural areas, bear the brunt of climate change impacts, but they also hold unique knowledge and skills crucial for mitigation and adaptation strategies. Likewise, women's underrepresentation in decision-making roles limits their influence on peace and justice (SDG 16) and partnerships for goals (SDG 17). Thus, achieving gender equality isn't only about justice for women and girls, but also about progress on every SDG. Women's empowerment creates a multiplier effect that boosts economic growth and promotes sustainable development, thereby setting a direct path towards achieving the SDGs. Encouragingly, concerted efforts worldwide are recognizing and amplifying women's roles in society, placing gender equality and women's empowerment at the heart of the SDGs. Such advancements signify a positive stride towards a balanced and equitable world.

This Review supports SDGs 3 and 5, focusing on the gendered association between unpaid labour and mental health, particularly in relation to the fact that women do more hours of unpaid labour worldwide than men. The Review found that unpaid labour is associated with worse mental health in women than in men.
This Article supports SDG 5 by examining factors associated with implementation of organisational interventions for advancing women in health-care leadership.
Elsevier,

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, Volume 49, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 581-590

This chapter advances Goals 3 and 5 by discussing how systematic forensic evaluation and treatment of sexual assault and IPV victims are important aspects of care for these patients.
Climate change threatens to widen existing gender-related health disparities as well as socioeconomic disparities among women. 
Experience of domestic violence has been suggested as a risk factor for diabetes. Longitudinal data from 5782 Australian women over 20 years were analysed. Childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence predicted subsequent diabetes. The association was only partly attenuated when obesity was taken into account. Awareness of a history of abuse may help in the management of obesity and diabetes in women.
Examines multiple forms of adolescent violence perpetration across gender, racial/ethnic, and sexual identities. Boys reported greater rates of perpetration than girls, except for teen dating violence. Perpetration rates did not differ for intersection of gender by race/ethnicity. Perpetration rates varied across racial/ethnic, sexual, and gender minority students compared to non-minority students.
This Article supports SDGs 3 and 5, investigating the links between intimate partner violence and suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and self-harm.
Recognising that "sexting" is a form of violence and is not innocent.
Elsevier,

Women's Studies International Forum, Volume 93, 1 July 2022

A discussion of the use of law to protect women against violence.
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem and China has the largest disease burden. Literatures focusing on economic-related inequalities in HBV infection among pregnant women are scarce. We aimed to quantify the economic-related inequalities and the change over time in HBV infection among pregnant women in mainland China from 2013 to 2020 to inform strategies considering economic-related inequalities.

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