Gender equality and women's empowerment

Gender equality and women's empowerment play a vital role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outlined by the United Nations. Acknowledging the significance of SDG 5, which explicitly targets gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls, it's worth noting that these elements are fundamentally tied to all 17 goals. Each goal, whether it pertains to poverty eradication, quality education, or climate action, is directly or indirectly affected by gender dynamics. Gender inequality inhibits economic growth (SDG 8) by depriving economies of the full potential of half its population, thereby exacerbating poverty (SDG 1) and hunger (SDG 2). Additionally, gender-based discrimination can limit access to quality education (SDG 4) and decent work (SDG 8) for women and girls, further perpetuating inequality. In health matters, gender roles and stereotypes often result in disparities in healthcare access and outcomes (SDG 3). With respect to environmental sustainability (SDGs 13, 14, and 15), women, particularly those in rural areas, bear the brunt of climate change impacts, but they also hold unique knowledge and skills crucial for mitigation and adaptation strategies. Likewise, women's underrepresentation in decision-making roles limits their influence on peace and justice (SDG 16) and partnerships for goals (SDG 17). Thus, achieving gender equality isn't only about justice for women and girls, but also about progress on every SDG. Women's empowerment creates a multiplier effect that boosts economic growth and promotes sustainable development, thereby setting a direct path towards achieving the SDGs. Encouragingly, concerted efforts worldwide are recognizing and amplifying women's roles in society, placing gender equality and women's empowerment at the heart of the SDGs. Such advancements signify a positive stride towards a balanced and equitable world.

This Review supports SDG 5 by describing a new framework and capacity development approach, the Public Leadership for Gender Equality (PL4GE), that promotes six key leadership practices for gender transformative change in public health.
This chapter aligns with SDG Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities by discussing how smart technologies have the potential to make cities safer and more inclusive for women and gender-diverse people.
Figure 1. Maternal physiological responses to thermal heat stress
This Article supports SDGs 3, 5, and 13, focusing on the mechanisms for adverse outcomes caused by environmental heat stress in pregnant subsistence farmers.
Elsevier,

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Volume 113, December 2022

In support of SDG 5 and 11, this Study discusses which transport infrastructure innovations are required to support gender-equitable cycling, especially in developing countries.
Elsevier,

Clinical Breast Cancer, Volume 23, Issue 2, February 2023, Pages 181-188

This Study supports SDGs 3, 5 and 10 by exploring the national impact of limited English proficiency (LEP) in breast cancer screening. Previously unknown, the results showed that LEP women, particularly Spanish speakers, are associated with a lower probability of having a screening mammogram.
This chapter aligns with SDG Goal 5: Gender equality and Goal 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure by exploring the role women have played in disaster recovery and how this engagement fosters and enhances women's leadership roles.
Elsevier,

Clinical Breast Cancer, Volume 23, Issue 2, February 2023, Pages 211-218

This Study supports SDGs 3, 5 and 10 by highlighting the significant variability in insurance coverage of Prophylactic Mastectomy (PM) between companies which can lead to further inequalities in access to this breast cancer risk reducing procedure. Physicians and patients alike should advocate for fair and equal access to PM for certain clinical indications.
This Article supports SDGs 3, 5 and 10, summarizing a discussion on workplace flexibility held by the AAWR at the RSNA 2021 Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting, and highlighting the positive impact various aspects of flexible work arrangements have on women.
Elsevier,

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, Volume 49, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 809-821

This chapter advances Goals 5 and 3 by discussing a holistic and integrated approach to care delivery for victims of violence that includes medical and psychosocial care, economic empowerment, and legal aid optimizes health outcomes and promotes rehabilitation and reintegration.
The criminalization of women’s healthcare in many USA states has created uncertainty about women’s access to evidence-based medical care and will affect the physical, mental, and emotional health and well-being of women. This article is intended to start a discussion on this complex topic in the immunology community.

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